Mmepe ọhụrụ na mmesi obi ike nke pavement kọmpụta nwere ike inye ozi dị mkpa gbasara ịdịmma, ịdịte aka na nnabata na koodu nhazi ngwakọ.
Ihe owuwu nke pavement nwere ike ịhụ ihe mberede, na onye ọrụ nkwekọrịta kwesịrị ịchọpụta ịdị mma na ịdịte aka nke ihe nkedo nkedo. Ihe omume ndị a na-agụnye ikpughe na mmiri ozuzo n'oge usoro mmiri ozuzo, ntinye akwụkwọ nke ọgwụgwọ ogige, plastic shrinkage na cracking hours n'ime awa ole na ole ka wụsachara, na ederede ederede na ọgwụgwọ. Ọbụlagodi na ezuru ike chọrọ na ule ihe ndị ọzọ, ndị injinia nwere ike ịchọ iwepụ na nnọchi akụkụ pavement n'ihi na ha na-echegbu onwe ha ma ihe ndị dị n'ime ya na-ezute nkọwapụta agwakọta.
N'okwu a, petrography na ụzọ nnwale ndị ọzọ na-akwado (ma ọkachamara) nwere ike inye ozi dị mkpa gbasara ịdị mma na ịdịte aka nke ngwakọta ihe yana ma ha zutere nkọwa ọrụ.
Ihe atụ 1. Ihe atụ nke microscope microscope nke fluorescence nke mado ihe na 0.40 w / c (akụkụ aka ekpe elu) na 0.60 w / c (akụkụ aka nri elu). Ọnụ ọgụgụ aka ekpe nke ala na-egosi ngwaọrụ maka ịlele resistivity nke cylinder senk. Ọgụgụ aka nri ala na-egosi njikọ dị n'etiti olu resistivity na w/c. Chunyu Qiao na DRP, ụlọ ọrụ Twining
Iwu Abram: “Ike mkpakọ nke ngwakọta kọnk na-adaba n'ụzọ dabara adaba na oke mmiri-ciment ya.”
Prọfesọ Duff Abrams buru ụzọ kọwaa njikọ dị n'etiti mmiri-ciment ratio (w/c) na ike mkpakọ na 1918 [1], ma chepụta ihe a na-akpọ ugbu a iwu Abram: "The compressive energy of concrete Water/ciment ratio." Na mgbakwunye na ịchịkwa ike mkpakọ, a na-amasi oke simenti mmiri (w/cm) ugbu a n'ihi na ọ na-amata nnọchi simenti Portland na ihe mgbakwunye simenti dị ka ash na slag. Ọ bụkwa isi oke nke njiri anya ihe. Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ egosila na ngwakọta kọnkịtị na w / cm dị ala karịa ~ 0.45 na-adịgide adịgide na gburugburu ebe ike ike, dị ka ebe ekpughere n'ime ikuku oyi na-eme ka nnu na-emebi emebi ma ọ bụ mpaghara ebe enwere nnukwu sulfate n'ime ala.
Oghere capillary bụ akụkụ sitere na ciment slurry. Ha mejupụtara oghere dị n'etiti ngwaahịa hydration ciment na irighiri simenti na-enweghị mmiri nke jupụtara na mmiri. [2] Oghere capillary dị mma karịa pores a na-agbanye ma ọ bụ nke tọrọ atọ ma ghara inwe mgbagwoju anya na ha. Mgbe ejikọrọ pores capillary, mmiri mmiri sitere na gburugburu ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ nwere ike ịkwaga site na tapawa. A na-akpọ ihe omume a penetration na a ga-ebelatarịrị iji hụ na ịdịte aka. Ihe microstructure nke ngwakọta ihe na-adịgide adịgide bụ na a na-ekewa pores kama ijikọta ya. Nke a na-eme mgbe w / cm erughị ~ 0.45.
Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ihe siri ike ịma nke ọma nke ọma w/cm nke kọnkịta siri ike, usoro a pụrụ ịdabere na ya nwere ike inye ihe dị mkpa na-emesi obi ike maka nyocha ihe nkedo siri ike. Microscope nke fluorescence na-enye ngwọta. Otu a ka o si arụ ọrụ.
Igwe ihe nleba anya nke fluorescence bụ usoro na-eji resin epoxy na akwa fluorescent na-amụnye nkọwa nke ihe. A na-ejikarị ya na sayensị ahụike, yana ọ nwekwara ngwa dị mkpa na sayensị ihe. Ntinye usoro nke usoro a na kọmpụta malitere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 40 gara aga na Denmark [3]; A haziri ya na mba Nordic na 1991 maka ịkọwa w / c nke ihe siri ike, ma emelitere ya na 1999 [4].
Iji tụọ w/cm nke ihe ndị sitere na ciment (ya bụ kọnkiti, ngwa agha, na grouting), a na-eji epoxy fluorescent mee akụkụ dị mkpa ma ọ bụ ngọngọ kọmpụta nwere ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe dịka 25 microns ma ọ bụ 1/1000 inch (Njirimara 2). Usoro a gụnyere a na-egbutu isi ihe ma ọ bụ cylinder n'ime ihe mgbochi dị larịị (nke a na-akpọ oghere) na mpaghara nke ihe dịka 25 x 50 mm (1 x 2 sentimita asatọ). A na-arapara oghere ahụ na slide ugegbe, tinye ya n'ime oghere oghere, a na-ewebata resin epoxy n'okpuru oghere. Ka w / cm na-abawanye, njikọta na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pores ga-abawanye, ya mere epoxy ọzọ ga-abanye n'ime mado. Anyị na-enyocha flakes n'okpuru microscope, na-eji nhazi nke ihe nzacha pụrụ iche iji kpalie e ji esiji fluorescent dị na resin epoxy ma wepụ ihe mgbaàmà gafere. N'ihe onyonyo ndị a, mpaghara ojii na-anọchi anya ihe nchịkọta na ihe simenti enweghị mmiri. Porosity nke abụọ bụ isi 0%. Agba ndụ ndụ na-egbuke egbuke bụ porosity (ọ bụghị porosity), na porosity bụ isi 100%. Otu n'ime njirimara ndị a "ihe" akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ speckled bụ tapawa (Fig 2). Ka w / cm na capillary porosity nke ihe na-abawanye, agba akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ pụrụ iche nke mado na-egbuke egbuke ma na-egbuke egbuke (lee foto 3).
Onyonyo 2. Fluorescence micrograph nke flakes na-egosi ihe ekpokọtara ọnụ, voids (v) na mado. Obosara ala kwụ ọtọ bụ ~ 1.5 mm. Chunyu Qiao na DRP, ụlọ ọrụ Twining
Onyonyo 3. Fluorescence micrographs nke flakes na-egosi na ka w / cm na-abawanye, mado akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-egbuke egbuke. Ngwakọta ndị a na-ekpo ọkụ ma nwee ntụ ijiji. Chunyu Qiao na DRP, ụlọ ọrụ Twining
Nyocha onyonyo gụnyere ịwepụta data ọnụọgụ na onyonyo. A na-eji ya n'ọtụtụ mpaghara sayensị dị iche iche, site na microscope na-ahụ anya. Pikselụ ọ bụla na onyonyo dijitalụ na-aghọ n'ezie ebe data. Usoro a na-enye anyị ohere itinye ọnụọgụ na ọkwa nchapụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dị iche iche a hụrụ na foto ndị a. N'ime afọ 20 gara aga ma ọ bụ karịa, na mgbanwe na ike kọmpụta desktọpụ na inweta ihe oyiyi dijitalụ, nyocha ihe oyiyi aghọwo ngwá ọrụ bara uru nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ maka microscopists (gụnyere ndị na-ahụ maka mmanụ ala) nwere ike iji. Anyị na-ejikarị nyocha onyonyo iji tụọ porosity capillary nke slurry. Ka oge na-aga, anyị chọpụtara na e nwere njikọ ọnụ ọgụgụ siri ike nke nhazi usoro n'etiti w / cm na capillary porosity, dị ka e gosiri na foto na-esonụ (Figure 4 na Figure 5)).
Ọgụgụ 4. Ihe atụ nke data enwetara site na micrographs fluorescence nke akụkụ dị mkpa. Eserese a na-akpachapụ anya ọnụọgụ pikselụ n'ogo isi awọ nyere n'otu foto micrograph. Ọnụ ọnụ elu atọ ndị a kwekọrọ na mkpokọta (mkpọ oroma), mado (mpaghara isi awọ), na ihe efu (ọnụ ọnụ na-ejupụtaghị n'aka nri). Ọkpụkpụ nke tapawa na-enye ohere ka mmadụ gbakọọ nkezi pore nha na ụkpụrụ ọkọlọtọ ya. Chunyu Qiao na DRP, Twining Company Figure 5. Eserese a na-achikota usoro nke w / cm nkezi capillary nha na 95% ntụkwasị obi n'etiti ngwakọta nke mejupụtara ciment dị ọcha, simenti ofufe ash, na ihe nkedo pozzolan eke. Chunyu Qiao na DRP, ụlọ ọrụ Twining
Na nyocha ikpeazụ, achọrọ ule onwe atọ atọ iji gosi na ihe dị na saịtị ahụ na-akwado nkọwapụta ngwakọta. Dị ka o kwere mee, nweta ihe nlele isi site na ntinye akwụkwọ na-emezu ụkpụrụ nnabata niile, yana nlele sitere na ntinye emetụtara. Enwere ike iji isi sitere na nhazi ahụ anabatara dị ka ihe nleba anya njikwa, ma ị nwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe nrịbama maka nyochaa nrubeisi nke nhazi dị mkpa.
Na ahụmịhe anyị, mgbe ndị injinia nwere ndekọ na-ahụ data enwetara site na ule ndị a, ha na-anabatakarị ntinye ma ọ bụrụ na ezutere njirimara injinia ndị ọzọ (dị ka ike mkpakọ). Site n'inye nha nha nke w / cm na ihe nrụpụta, anyị nwere ike ịgafe ule ndị akọwapụtara maka ọtụtụ ọrụ iji gosi na ngwakọta a na-ajụ nwere akụrụngwa nke ga-atụgharị ka ọ bụrụ ogologo ogologo oge.
David Rothstein, Ph.D., PG, FACI bụ onye isi lithographer nke DRP, Ụlọ ọrụ Twining. O nwere ihe karịrị 25 afọ nke ọkachamara petrologist ahụmahụ na n'onwe inyocha ihe karịrị 10,000 samples si ihe karịrị 2,000 oru ngo gburugburu ụwa. Dr. Chunyu Qiao, onye isi ọkà mmụta sayensị nke DRP, ụlọ ọrụ Twining, bụ ọkà mmụta banyere mbara ala na onye ọkà mmụta sayensị ihe nwere ihe karịrị afọ iri nke ahụmahụ na ihe simenti na ngwaahịa nkume na-emepụta ihe. Ọkachamara ya na-agụnye iji nyocha ihe onyonyo na ihe nleba anya nke fluorescence iji mụọ ịdịte aka nke kọnkịrị, na-emesi ike pụrụ iche na mmebi nke nnu nnu na-akpata, mmeghachi omume alkali-silicon, na mwakpo kemịkalụ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri.
Oge nzipu: Sep-07-2021